If you are ever troubleshooting a package deployment from SCCM (Configuration Manager) to a Linux system there is a hidden directory where the packages are staged on the Linux system. I have not found a whole lot of documentation about his but thought I would just put a note out about it.
If you are using the default install location for the SCCM client on a Linux system then the directory is /opt/microsoft/configmgr/.cache. If you are not using the default, look for the .cache directory in the configmgr directory.